Categories
- Cuban Revolution
- U.S. MISSILE Turkey
- Khrushchev Proposal
- Contingent
- Anadyr
- U-2 flights
- Develop response
- Quarantine
- Worsening crisis
- Khrushchev's second letter
- Black Saturday
- Permission
- Implications
- Historic significance
- Epilogue
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U.S. MISSILE Turkey
By 1960 the U.S. had a significant advantage in strategic nuclear forces. For comparison: the Americans were armed with approximately 6 000 warheads and the Soviet Union was only about 300. By 1962, the U.S. arsenal contained more than 1 300 bombers capable of delivering on the territory of the USSR is about 3 000 nuclear warheads. In addition, the U.S. arsenal were 183 ICBM "Atlas" and "Titan" and 144 Polaris missiles on nine nuclear submarine George Washington "and" Ethan Allen ". The Soviet Union was able to deliver to the U.S. territory of about 300 warheads, mostly with the help of strategic aircraft and ICBM R-7 and F-16, had a low degree of readiness and the high cost of launch complexes, which do not permit large-scale deployment of these systems.
In 1961 the U.S. began placing near Izmir in Turkey, 15 medium-range missiles PGM-19 "Jupiter" with a radius of 2 400 km, which is directly threatened by the European part of the Soviet Union, reaching as far as Moscow. President Kennedy believed the strategic importance of these missiles limited, since submarines armed with ballistic missiles, could cover the same territory, having the advantage of stealth and firepower. Nevertheless, in the late 1950's medium-range missiles technologically superior to intercontinental ballistic missiles, which at that time could not always be on alert. Another advantage of the medium-range missiles is a little flight time - less than 10 minutes.
The Soviet strategists realized that we can effectively reach some nuclear parity by placing missiles in Cuba. Soviet medium range missiles on Cuban territory, with effective range up to 4 000 km (P-14), could keep the sights of Washington and about half of the air bases of strategic nuclear bombers of the Strategic Air Force, to reach our minimum of 20 minutes. In addition, radar early warning system for the U.S. were directed towards the USSR and were little adapted to detect launches from Cuba.
The head of the Soviet Union Nikita Khrushchev publicly expressed his indignation over the fact the missile deployment in Turkey. He believed these missiles personal insult. Placement of missiles in Cuba - the first time that Soviet missiles left the territory of the Soviet Union - is a direct response to Khrushchev at the American missiles in Turkey. In his memoirs, Khrushchev wrote that the first time the idea to place missiles in Cuba, came to him in 1962 when he led a delegation of the Soviet Union, visited Bulgaria at the invitation of the Bulgarian Communist Party and government. There, one of his companions, pointing to the Black Sea, said that on the opposite shore, in Turkey, there are missiles capable of at least 15 minutes to strike at major industrial centers of the Soviet Union.